认鱼 / 鬼头刀（鲯鳅）

鬼头刀（鲯鳅）

也叫：鲯鳅、万鱼、飞乌虎、鱰鱼、澳头鱼、牛头鱼、mahi-mahi、dolphinfish、シイラ · Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758

坐船出外海、去岛礁和漂浮物附近找它：船上拖钓，或者抛浮水铅笔、波爬这类水面饵，抽铁板金属做的假饵，沉得快，上下抽动引鱼来咬。也能中。南方哪几个月最多各家不一，广东外海岛礁的钓友 6 月、9 月都碰到过。钓上来马上放冰。

鬼头刀是外海表层的鱼，大陆正名鲯鳅，也叫鱰鱼、万鱼、飞乌虎。英文 dolphinfish、mahi-mahi，说的是鱼，不是海豚。背鳍从头一直拉到尾巴，大公鱼额头又高又陡，很好认。

国内钓友怎么钓

  • 抽铁板时中鬼头刀不少人用
  • 拉力大、遛鱼累不少人用
  • 波爬（和铁板、木虾一起带）也有人用
  • 看见船边有鱼，丢一只不挂铅的大虾也有人用

怎么认

  • 背鳍一条，从头上一直到尾巴前3。
  • 大公鱼额头越长越陡，近乎垂直3；例：公鱼额头是一块骨质隆起，母鱼额头圆24。
  • 活着时背上金属蓝绿、身侧金色，上船后颜色很快变淡20。
  • 同属还有棘鲯鳅：鬼头刀舌头上的齿斑小、椭圆，棘鲯鳅的宽4。

住哪、吃什么、什么时候

  • 外海表层，成群，常聚在漂木、漂藻这类漂浮物下面5。
  • 吃飞鱼、小鱼、甲壳类和鱿鱼6。
  • 长得快、寿命短：四五个月就能繁殖7，寿命只有几年18；具体几年各家不一，4 年或最多 5 年）；最大能到 2 m 左右（19。
  • 季节（南方）：哪几个月最多各家不一8。广东外海岛礁的钓友 6 月、9 月都碰到过17；例：2 月、10 月也有钓友钓到23。

怎么吃、安全

  • 钓上来马上放冰：鬼头刀和金枪鱼一样，放久了会产生组胺，形成以后煮熟、冷冻都去不掉15。
  • 有雪卡中毒的报告16。
  • 摘钩用长嘴钳21。

钓法

  • 拖钓：船上拖钓（曳绳钓）能钓到9。
  • 水面饵：浮水铅笔、波爬为主；鱼不太追时换沉水铅笔10。
  • 铁板：钓友跟船抽铁板能中11。
  • 例：看见船边有鬼头刀，挂一只大虾、把铅取下来丢过去14。
  • 拉力大12；例：到船边还会跳出水面甩头脱钩，抄网早点备好13。

叫法

  • 鬼头刀、鲯鳅、鱰鱼、万鱼、飞乌虎1；例：香港还叫澳头鱼、牛头鱼22。
  • 英文 dolphinfish、mahi-mahi，也有直接叫 dolphin 的，说的是鱼，不是海豚2。

依据

正文里的小数字对应这里，点开看出处
已核几份资料说法一致钓友不少国内钓友这样钓例起步参考，到现场再调各家不一说法不同，给的是能用的那条
1叫法：鬼头刀、鲯鳅、鱰鱼、万鱼、飞乌虎已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」台湾农业知识入口网《鱼类图鉴》鬼头刀 · 官方 · 原文
俗名「鱰魚、萬魚、飛烏虎、鬼頭刀（臺東）、扁頭刀（澎湖）、九萬仔（澎湖）」；大洋性洄游，常成群活动；一般在表层，「常聚集在流木或浮藻下方」；渔法延绳钓、刺网、曳绳钓；「全年皆產，以 4-6 月為盛漁期」；最大 210 cm TL香港食物安全中心《鲭鱼中毒》 · 官方 · 原文
涉及鱼类列吞拿鱼、沙甸鱼、鳀鱼、鲯鳅等（没列马鲛）；组胺「非常耐热，一旦在食物中形成，即使烹煮、入罐或冷冻也不能将之破坏」；鱼死后要立即冷冻（该页「冷冻」指冰鲜），冰鲜 ≤4 °C、急冻 ≤−18 °C还有 2 位钓友的经验
2英文 dolphinfish、mahi-mahi，也有直接叫 dolphin 的；是鱼不是海豚已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」美国 FDA：Scombrotoxin Poisoning and Decomposition · 官方 · 原文
多是金枪鱼、鲭类，也有「mahi-mahi (dolphin)」；「The potential toxins are not destroyed by freezing, cooking, smoking, curing or canning」；不放冰 6–12 小时就可能到有毒水平，要「proper icing, refrigeration or immediate freezing」；没给具体温度
3背鳍一条，从头上一直到尾巴前；大公鱼额头越长越陡，近乎垂直已核
FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」美国 NOAA Fisheries：Atlantic Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
成年公鱼额头高而方，母鱼额头圆
4和棘鲯鳅分：鬼头刀舌头上的齿斑小而椭圆，棘鲯鳅的宽已核
FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
5外海表层，成群，常聚在漂木、漂藻这类漂浮物下面已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」台湾农业知识入口网《鱼类图鉴》鬼头刀 · 官方 · 原文
俗名「鱰魚、萬魚、飛烏虎、鬼頭刀（臺東）、扁頭刀（澎湖）、九萬仔（澎湖）」；大洋性洄游，常成群活动；一般在表层，「常聚集在流木或浮藻下方」；渔法延绳钓、刺网、曳绳钓；「全年皆產，以 4-6 月為盛漁期」；最大 210 cm TL美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」Ortega-Garcia 等 2022，Vertical distributions of dolphinfish in the Eastern Pacific Ocean suggest variability in potential associations with floating objects，PLoS ONE · 研究 · 原文
标记 23 尾鲯鳅，和漂浮物有关联（部分由行为推断）
6吃飞鱼、小鱼、甲壳类和鱿鱼已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
7长得快：四五个月就能繁殖已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
8南方 5–6 月和 10 月最多；2–4、7–9、11 月也有；12–1 月少见各家不一
范围：南台湾海洋委员会海洋保育署《臺灣百種海洋動物圖鑑·鬼頭刀》 · 官方
高雄到东部 5 月左右盛渔，北部 10 月下旬到次年 2 月中旬；游钓里拖钓的主要渔获图文①南方月历 `tuwen/yuexun/data.js` 鬼头刀行 · 研究
m = [0,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,2,1,0]；珠江口外 10 月鬼头刀卵是秋季优势种还有 2 位钓友的经验
9船上拖钓（曳绳钓）能钓到已核
范围：船美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」台湾农业知识入口网《鱼类图鉴》鬼头刀 · 官方 · 原文
俗名「鱰魚、萬魚、飛烏虎、鬼頭刀（臺東）、扁頭刀（澎湖）、九萬仔（澎湖）」；大洋性洄游，常成群活动；一般在表层，「常聚集在流木或浮藻下方」；渔法延绳钓、刺网、曳绳钓；「全年皆產，以 4-6 月為盛漁期」；最大 210 cm TL
10用浮水铅笔、波爬这类水面饵为主；鱼不太追时换沉水铅笔已核
范围：船Honda 釣魚図鑑：シイラの仕掛け · 厂商 · 原文
「ペンシルベイトやポッパーといった表層系のルアーをメインで使用するが、魚の活性が低い時はジグミノーやシンキングペンシルも有効」HAYABUSA 自营媒体 HEAT：夏の人気魚「シイラ」を攻略！ · 厂商 · 原文
沉水铅笔、ジャークベイト、浮水铅笔、波爬是基本；活性高时用浮水铅笔、波爬；PE 2 号VARIVAS：シイラキャスティング徹底攻略｜相模湾実釣 · 厂商 · 原文
列波爬、浮水铅笔、ジャークベイト、沉水铅笔；主线 PE 2 号
11跟船抽铁板能中鬼头刀钓友
范围：船来自 2 位钓友的经验
12拉力大钓友
范围：船来自 2 位钓友的经验
13到船边会跳出水面甩头，容易脱钩例
范围：船来自 1 位钓友的经验
14看见船边有鬼头刀，挂大虾、取下铅丢过去，旁边的会过来抢例
范围：船来自 1 位钓友的经验
15会产生组胺，形成后煮熟、冷冻都去不掉；钓上来马上冰已核
香港食物安全中心《鲭鱼中毒》 · 官方 · 原文
涉及鱼类列吞拿鱼、沙甸鱼、鳀鱼、鲯鳅等（没列马鲛）；组胺「非常耐热，一旦在食物中形成，即使烹煮、入罐或冷冻也不能将之破坏」；鱼死后要立即冷冻（该页「冷冻」指冰鲜），冰鲜 ≤4 °C、急冻 ≤−18 °C美国 FDA：Scombrotoxin Poisoning and Decomposition · 官方 · 原文
多是金枪鱼、鲭类，也有「mahi-mahi (dolphin)」；「The potential toxins are not destroyed by freezing, cooking, smoking, curing or canning」；不放冰 6–12 小时就可能到有毒水平，要「proper icing, refrigeration or immediate freezing」；没给具体温度
16有雪卡中毒报告例
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」
17广东外海岛礁（大青针）钓友 6 月、9 月都碰到过鬼头刀钓友
范围：南, 船来自 4 位钓友的经验
18寿命短，只有几年已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
19最大能长到 2 m 左右已核
FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
20活着时背上金属蓝绿、身侧金色，上船后颜色很快变淡已核
美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
21摘钩用长嘴钳已核
昆士兰州政府：Responsible fishing · 官方 · 原文
「Remove hooks quickly but gently — longnose pliers and wire cutters can help」；「Never remove hooks by hand」在鲨鱼那一节西澳初级产业和区域发展厅：Catch Care guide · 官方 · 原文
「Long-nosed pliers can also be used to help remove hooks, especially for fish with sharp teeth or spines that need to be avoided」
22香港也叫澳头鱼、牛头鱼例
范围：香港FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」
23广东外海岛礁钓友 2 月、10 月也钓到过例
范围：南, 船来自 2 位钓友的经验
24公鱼额头是一块骨质隆起；母鱼额头圆例
FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」美国 NOAA Fisheries：Atlantic Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
成年公鱼额头高而方，母鱼额头圆

相关

认鱼康氏马鲛

7–9 月在广东沿岸，船上抽铁板最常见，也拖钓、打水面、放流；它牙利，前导按鱼大小配。

认鱼懵仔（军曹鱼）

跟船到海上风电塔、浮台、浮标这类结构边，活小鱼挂背放流，鱼浅就放浅；或者快抽、慢摇铁板。中鱼后它往结构里钻，先锁紧刹车把鱼头带开。

钓场船上追鸟群

海面炸水，是大鱼把小鱼群追到了水面；海鸟聚在一处盘旋，下面常有鱼群。看到就让船开过去，往炸水边上、前头抛，别砸正中间；打上层用波爬，或铁板、米诺。看到炸水就开船赶过去；例：炸水从出来到散掉的时间很短。鲅鱼、马鲛牙利会切线，每条鱼后查一下前导；钓上来马上进冰。

钓场近岸船钓

上船先穿救生衣，一直穿着；钓底用串钩或天平挂饵，铅多重听船家的；钓中上层的鱼用铁板、泰拉巴一层层找。晕船药要在出发前吃。

钓法水面系

清早、傍晚或阴天光线弱的时候，用浮在水面的硬饵搜最上面一层：之字狗（浮水铅笔）竿梢压低贴近水面、有节奏地抖竿梢，让饵左右摆头走「之」字；波爬用竿梢短促一抽，饵嘴兜水「啵」一声。鱼从下面冲上来吃，炸水看得见。

钓组铁板

船上按水深和线挑克数，越深越重，流急、船横着漂用重一点的；岸上用的轻得多，具体克数各家不一。先落到底，触底马上往上抽；有炸水就搜上层，太阳大了往下找；例：前导勤摸，磨毛就剪。

处理和吃钓上来怎么保鲜

要带回家吃的鱼：割鳃放血 5–10 分钟，放完马上进冰浆（海水加大量冰，泡在接近 0 ℃ 的冰水里），大鱼尽早去鳃去内脏；回家路上冰包住鱼，到家 4 ℃ 以下冷藏、两天内吃完，吃不完 −18 ℃ 冻上。马鲛、鲅鱼、鲐鱼这类鱼尤其要一上来就冰。

来源

16 份
  1. FishBase：Coryphaena hippurus 概要、俗名表 · 研究（数据库） · 原文
    俗名鲯鳅、鱰鱼、鬼头刀、飞乌虎、万鱼（水科院 2003），香港鬼頭刀、澳頭魚、牛頭魚；「Form schools」；「Feed on almost all forms of fish and zooplankton; also takes crustaceans and squid」；「Sexual maturity is reached in 4-5 months」；漂浮竹捆、软木板聚鱼；最长 210 cm TL；野外寿命 4 年；「reports of ciguatera poisoning」
  2. 台湾农业知识入口网《鱼类图鉴》鬼头刀 · 官方 · 原文
    俗名「鱰魚、萬魚、飛烏虎、鬼頭刀（臺東）、扁頭刀（澎湖）、九萬仔（澎湖）」；大洋性洄游，常成群活动；一般在表层，「常聚集在流木或浮藻下方」；渔法延绳钓、刺网、曳绳钓；「全年皆產，以 4-6 月為盛漁期」；最大 210 cm TL
  3. 香港食物安全中心《鲭鱼中毒》 · 官方 · 原文
    涉及鱼类列吞拿鱼、沙甸鱼、鳀鱼、鲯鳅等（没列马鲛）；组胺「非常耐热，一旦在食物中形成，即使烹煮、入罐或冷冻也不能将之破坏」；鱼死后要立即冷冻（该页「冷冻」指冰鲜），冰鲜 ≤4 °C、急冻 ≤−18 °C
  4. 美国 NOAA Fisheries：Pacific Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
    又叫「Mahi mahi, Dolphinfish, Dorado」；「live near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters」；「swim together in schools as juveniles, but older fish are usually found alone」；吃「small pelagic fish, juvenile tuna, invertebrates」；「grow fast」；「capable of reproducing at 4 to 5 months old」；「live up to 5 years」；「Most mahimahi are harvested using troll and handlines」；「Brightly colored back is an electric greenish blue, lower body is gold or sparkling silver」；「Bright pattern fades almost immediately after mahimahi is harvested」；和棘鲯鳅分那句（「a very wide, square tooth patch on the tongue」）主语不清
  5. FAO《The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific》Vol. 4，Coryphaenidae（Collette），p.2656–2658 科页和种页 · 官方（国际机构） · 原文
    科名「Dolphinfishes ("dolphins")」；「adult males develop a bony crest on front of head」；鬼头刀「in larger males (30 to 200 cm) the head profile becomes vertical with development of a bony crest」「A single dorsal fin extending from above eyes almost to caudal fin」「tooth patch on tongue small and oval」「greatest body depth in adults less than 25% of standard length」；棘鲯鳅「Tooth patch on tongue broad and trapezoidal」；「back brilliant metallic blue-green in life, after death fading to grey」「sides silvery with a golden sheen」；「follows ships and forms small concentrations below floating objects」；「Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on crustaceans and squids」，科页「feed on flyingfishes and small fishes and crustaceans」；「Caught by trolling and on tuna longlines; also occasionally with drift nets」；「Maximum total length 2.1 m」
  6. 美国 FDA：Scombrotoxin Poisoning and Decomposition · 官方 · 原文
    多是金枪鱼、鲭类，也有「mahi-mahi (dolphin)」；「The potential toxins are not destroyed by freezing, cooking, smoking, curing or canning」；不放冰 6–12 小时就可能到有毒水平，要「proper icing, refrigeration or immediate freezing」；没给具体温度
  7. Fishes of Australia（Museums Victoria）：Mahi Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus；Pompano Mahi Mahi, C. equiselis · 研究 · 原文
    「a single long-based dorsal fin extending from the head almost to the tail」；「forehead profile of young slightly convex, becoming progressively steeper with growth, nearly vertical in large males」；「Body depth 20–28% SL」；「teeth on tongue in small oval patch」；「metallic bluish‑green above, silvery‑golden below」「colours fade rapidly after death」；「feeds mostly on smaller pelagic fishes (flyingfishes, garfishes), crustaceans and squids」；「fast-growing, early maturing and short-lived」；「individuals often aggregate beneath floating debris」；「Maximum total length is 2 m」。棘鲯鳅页（https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1729）：「Tooth patch on tongue wide, covering one-half or more of tongue」
  8. 美国 NOAA Fisheries：Atlantic Mahimahi · 官方 · 原文
    成年公鱼额头高而方，母鱼额头圆
  9. Ortega-Garcia 等 2022，Vertical distributions of dolphinfish in the Eastern Pacific Ocean suggest variability in potential associations with floating objects，PLoS ONE · 研究 · 原文
    标记 23 尾鲯鳅，和漂浮物有关联（部分由行为推断）
  10. 台湾海洋委员会海洋保育署《臺灣百種海洋動物圖鑑·鬼頭刀》 · 官方
    高雄到东部 5 月左右盛渔，北部 10 月下旬到次年 2 月中旬；游钓里拖钓的主要渔获
  11. 图文①南方月历 `tuwen/yuexun/data.js` 鬼头刀行 · 研究
    m = [0,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,2,1,0]；珠江口外 10 月鬼头刀卵是秋季优势种
  12. Honda 釣魚図鑑：シイラの仕掛け · 厂商 · 原文
    「ペンシルベイトやポッパーといった表層系のルアーをメインで使用するが、魚の活性が低い時はジグミノーやシンキングペンシルも有効」
  13. HAYABUSA 自营媒体 HEAT：夏の人気魚「シイラ」を攻略！ · 厂商 · 原文
    沉水铅笔、ジャークベイト、浮水铅笔、波爬是基本；活性高时用浮水铅笔、波爬；PE 2 号
  14. VARIVAS：シイラキャスティング徹底攻略｜相模湾実釣 · 厂商 · 原文
    列波爬、浮水铅笔、ジャークベイト、沉水铅笔；主线 PE 2 号
  15. 昆士兰州政府：Responsible fishing · 官方 · 原文
    「Remove hooks quickly but gently — longnose pliers and wire cutters can help」；「Never remove hooks by hand」在鲨鱼那一节
  16. 西澳初级产业和区域发展厅：Catch Care guide · 官方 · 原文
    「Long-nosed pliers can also be used to help remove hooks, especially for fish with sharp teeth or spines that need to be avoided」

2026-10-20 更新

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